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@@ -1,6 +1,387 @@
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+# 8.自定义接口RCLCPP实战
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+本节我们就利用上一节创建好的消息接口进行代码编写代码,学习在实际的项目中使用自定义接口,同时也作为一个小练习,我们将在同一个节点里融合话题和服务两种通信方式。
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-```
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+## 1.创建功能包和节点
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+
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+这里我们设计两个节点
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+
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+- `example_interfaces_robot_01`,机器人节点,对外提供控制机器人移动服务并发布机器人的状态。
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+- `example_interfaces_control_01`,控制节点,发送机器人移动请求,订阅机器人状态话题。
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+
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+在工作空间下的src文件夹中创建功能包`example_ros2_interfaces`添加`example_ros2_interfaces`和`rclcpp`依赖,并自动生成`example_interfaces_robot_01`节点。
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+
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+因为--node-name只支持创建一个节点,我们再添加一下另外一个节点。
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+
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+```shell
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+cd chapt3_ws/
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ros2 pkg create example_interfaces_rclcpp --build-type ament_cmake --dependencies rclcpp example_ros2_interfaces --destination-directory src --node-name example_interfaces_robot_01
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ros2 pkg create example_interfaces_rclcpp --build-type ament_cmake --dependencies rclcpp example_ros2_interfaces --destination-directory src --node-name example_interfaces_robot_01
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+touch src/example_interfaces_rclcpp/src/example_interfaces_control_01
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+```
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+
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+`CMakeLists.txt`
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+
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+```c++
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+find_package(ament_cmake REQUIRED)
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+find_package(rclcpp REQUIRED)
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+find_package(example_ros2_interfaces REQUIRED)
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+
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+add_executable(example_interfaces_robot_01 src/example_interfaces_robot_01.cpp)
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+target_include_directories(example_interfaces_robot_01 PUBLIC
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+ $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include>
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+ $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include>)
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+target_compile_features(example_interfaces_robot_01 PUBLIC c_std_99 cxx_std_17) # Require C99 and C++17
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+ament_target_dependencies(
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+ example_interfaces_robot_01
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+ "rclcpp"
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+ "example_ros2_interfaces"
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+)
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+
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+install(TARGETS example_interfaces_robot_01
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+ DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME})
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+
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+
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+add_executable(example_interfaces_control_01 src/example_interfaces_control_01.cpp)
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+target_include_directories(example_interfaces_control_01 PUBLIC
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+ $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include>
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+ $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include>)
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+target_compile_features(example_interfaces_control_01 PUBLIC c_std_99 cxx_std_17) # Require C99 and C++17
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+ament_target_dependencies(
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+ example_interfaces_control_01
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+ "rclcpp"
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+ "example_ros2_interfaces"
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+)
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+
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+install(TARGETS example_interfaces_control_01
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+ DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME})
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+```
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+
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+面向对象写一下两个节点的内容
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+
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+example_interfaces_control_01.cpp
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+
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+```c++
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+ #include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
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+
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+class ExampleInterfacesControl : public rclcpp::Node {
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+public:
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+ // 构造函数,有一个参数为节点名称
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+ ExampleInterfacesControl(std::string name) : Node(name) {
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+ RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "节点已启动:%s.", name.c_str());
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+ }
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+
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+private:
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+};
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+
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+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
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+ rclcpp::init(argc, argv);
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+ auto node = std::make_shared<ExampleInterfacesControl>("example_interfaces_control_01");
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+ rclcpp::spin(node);
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+ rclcpp::shutdown();
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+ return 0;
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+}
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+
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+```
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+
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+example_interfaces_robot_01.cpp
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+
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+```c++
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+#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
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+
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+/*创建一个机器人类,模拟真实机器人*/
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+class Robot {
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+public:
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+ Robot() = default;
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+ ~Robot() = default;
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+private:
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+};
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+
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+
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+class ExampleInterfacesRobot : public rclcpp::Node {
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+public:
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+ ExampleInterfacesRobot(std::string name) : Node(name) {
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+ RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "节点已启动:%s.", name.c_str());
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+ }
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+
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+private:
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+ Robot robot;
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+};
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+
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+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
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+ rclcpp::init(argc, argv);
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+ auto node = std::make_shared<ExampleInterfacesRobot>("example_interfaces_robot_01");
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+ rclcpp::spin(node);
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+ rclcpp::shutdown();
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+ return 0;
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+}
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+```
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+
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+保存编译即可测试
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+
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+```shell
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+cd chapt3_ws/
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+colcon build
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+source install/setup.bash
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```
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```
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+## 2.编写机器人类
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+
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+```c++
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+// 导入上一节定义的消息接口
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+#include "example_ros2_interfaces/msg/robot_status.hpp"
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+#include "example_ros2_interfaces/srv/move_robot.hpp"
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+#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
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+
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+/*
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+ * 测试指令:ros2 service call /move_robot example_ros2_interfaces/srv/MoveRobot "{distance: 5}"
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+ */
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+
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+class Robot {
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+public:
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+ Robot() = default;
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+ ~Robot() = default;
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+ /**
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+ * @brief 移动指定的距离
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+ *
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+ * @param distance
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+ * @return float
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+ */
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+ float move_distance(float distance) {
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+ status_ = example_ros2_interfaces::msg::RobotStatus::STATUS_MOVEING;
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+ target_pose_ += distance;
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+ // 当目标距离和当前距离大于0.01则持续向目标移动
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+ while (fabs(target_pose_ - current_pose_) > 0.01) {
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+ // 每一步移动当前到目标距离的1/10
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+ float step = distance / fabs(distance) * fabs(target_pose_ - current_pose_) * 0.1;
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+ current_pose_ += step;
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+ std::cout << "移动了:" << step << "当前位置:" << current_pose_ << std::endl;
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+ // 当前线程休眠500ms
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+ std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(500));
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+ }
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+ status_ = example_ros2_interfaces::msg::RobotStatus::STATUS_STOP;
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+ return current_pose_;
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+ }
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+ /**
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+ * @brief Get the current pose
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+ *
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+ * @return float
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+ */
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+ float get_current_pose() { return current_pose_; }
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+
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+ /**
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+ * @brief Get the status
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+ *
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+ * @return int
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+ * 1 example_ros2_interfaces::msg::RobotStatus::STATUS_MOVEING
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+ * 2 example_ros2_interfaces::msg::RobotStatus::STATUS_STOP
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+ */
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+ int get_status() { return status_; }
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+
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+private:
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+ // 声明当前位置
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+ float current_pose_ = 0.0;
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+ // 目标距离
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+ float target_pose_ = 0.0;
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+ int status_ = example_ros2_interfaces::msg::RobotStatus::STATUS_STOP;
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+};
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+```
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+
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+该类的实现比较简单,对外提供获取当前状态、获取当前位置和移动一定的距离三个接口,其中移动指定距离这个函数每移动一步会休眠500ms。
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+
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+## 3.编写机器人节点逻辑
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+
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+接着我们就可以利用接口编写机器人节点了
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+
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+```c++
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+
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+class ExampleInterfacesRobot : public rclcpp::Node {
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+public:
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+ ExampleInterfacesRobot(std::string name) : Node(name) {
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+ RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "节点已启动:%s.", name.c_str());
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+ /*创建move_robot服务*/
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+ move_robot_server_ = this->create_service<example_ros2_interfaces::srv::MoveRobot>(
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+ "move_robot", std::bind(&ExampleInterfacesRobot::handle_move_robot, this, std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2));
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+ /*创建发布者*/
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+ robot_status_publisher_ = this->create_publisher<example_ros2_interfaces::msg::RobotStatus>("robot_status", 10);
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+ /*创建一个周期为500ms的定时器*/
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+ timer_ = this->create_wall_timer(std::chrono::milliseconds(500), std::bind(&ExampleInterfacesRobot::timer_callback, this));
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+ }
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+
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+private:
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+ Robot robot; /*实例化机器人*/
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+ rclcpp::TimerBase::SharedPtr timer_; /*定时器,用于定时发布机器人位置*/
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+ rclcpp::Service<example_ros2_interfaces::srv::MoveRobot>::SharedPtr move_robot_server_; /*移动机器人服务*/
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+ rclcpp::Publisher<example_ros2_interfaces::msg::RobotStatus>::SharedPtr robot_status_publisher_; /*发布机器人位姿发布者*/
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+
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+ /**
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+ * @brief 500ms 定时回调函数,
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+ *
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+ */
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+ void timer_callback() {
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+ // 创建消息
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+ example_ros2_interfaces::msg::RobotStatus message;
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+ message.status = robot.get_status();
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+ message.pose = robot.get_current_pose();
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+ RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "Publishing: %f", robot.get_current_pose());
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+ // 发布消息
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+ robot_status_publisher_->publish(message);
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+ };
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+
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+ /**
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+ * @brief 收到话题数据的回调函数
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+ *
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+ * @param request 请求共享指针,包含移动距离
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+ * @param response 响应的共享指针,包含当前位置信息
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+ */
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+ void handle_move_robot(const std::shared_ptr<example_ros2_interfaces::srv::MoveRobot::Request> request,
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+ std::shared_ptr<example_ros2_interfaces::srv::MoveRobot::Response> response) {
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+ RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "收到请求移动距离:%f,当前位置:%f", request->distance, robot.get_current_pose());
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+ robot.move_distance(request->distance);
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+ response->pose = robot.get_current_pose();
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+ };
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+};
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+```
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+
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+逻辑也比较简单,利用定时器不断发送数据,收到请求后调用机器人类的move_distance接口来移动机器人。
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+
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+## 4.编写控制节点
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+
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+控制节点类代码
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+
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+头文件部分
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+
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+```
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+#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
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+#include "example_ros2_interfaces/srv/move_robot.hpp"
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+#include "example_ros2_interfaces/msg/robot_status.hpp"
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+
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+```
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+
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+`ExampleInterfacesControl`类
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+
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+```c++
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+
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+class ExampleInterfacesControl : public rclcpp::Node {
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+public:
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+ ExampleInterfacesControl(std::string name) : Node(name) {
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+ RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "节点已启动:%s.", name.c_str());
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+ /*创建move_robot客户端*/
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+ client_ = this->create_client<example_ros2_interfaces::srv::MoveRobot>(
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+ "move_robot");
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+ /*订阅机器人状态话题*/
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+ robot_status_subscribe_ = this->create_subscription<example_ros2_interfaces::msg::RobotStatus>("robot_status", 10, std::bind(&ExampleInterfacesControl::robot_status_callback_, this, std::placeholders::_1));
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+ }
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+
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+
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+ /**
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+ * @brief 发送移动机器人请求函数
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+ * 步骤:1.等待服务上线
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+ * 2.构造发送请求
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+ *
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+ * @param distance
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+ */
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+ void move_robot(float distance) {
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+ RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "请求让机器人移动%f", distance);
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+
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+ /*等待服务端上线*/
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+ while (!client_->wait_for_service(std::chrono::seconds(1))) {
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+ //等待时检测rclcpp的状态
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+ if (!rclcpp::ok()) {
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+ RCLCPP_ERROR(this->get_logger(), "等待服务的过程中被打断...");
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+ return;
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+ }
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+ RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "等待服务端上线中");
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+ }
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+
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+ // 构造请求
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+ auto request =
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+ std::make_shared<example_ros2_interfaces::srv::MoveRobot::Request>();
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+ request->distance = distance;
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+
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+ // 发送异步请求,然后等待返回,返回时调用回调函数
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+ client_->async_send_request(
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+ request, std::bind(&ExampleInterfacesControl::result_callback_, this,
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+ std::placeholders::_1));
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+ };
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+
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+private:
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+ // 声明客户端
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+ rclcpp::Client<example_ros2_interfaces::srv::MoveRobot>::SharedPtr client_;
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+ rclcpp::Subscription<example_ros2_interfaces::msg::RobotStatus>::SharedPtr robot_status_subscribe_;
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+ /* 机器人移动结果回调函数 */
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+ void result_callback_(
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+ rclcpp::Client<example_ros2_interfaces::srv::MoveRobot>::SharedFuture
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+ result_future) {
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+ auto response = result_future.get();
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+ RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "收到移动结果:%f", response->pose);
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|
|
|
+ }
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+
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|
|
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+ /**
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+ * @brief 机器人状态话题接收回调函数
|
|
|
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+ *
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|
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+ * @param msg
|
|
|
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+ */
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|
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+ void robot_status_callback_(const example_ros2_interfaces::msg::RobotStatus::SharedPtr msg)
|
|
|
|
+ {
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|
|
|
+ RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "收到状态数据位置:%f 状态:%d", msg->pose ,msg->status);
|
|
|
|
+ }
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|
|
|
+};
|
|
|
|
+```
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+
|
|
|
|
+main函数
|
|
|
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+
|
|
|
|
+```c++
|
|
|
|
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
|
|
|
|
+ rclcpp::init(argc, argv);
|
|
|
|
+ auto node = std::make_shared<ExampleInterfacesControl>("example_interfaces_control_01");
|
|
|
|
+ /*这里调用了服务,让机器人向前移动5m*/
|
|
|
|
+ node->move_robot(5.0);
|
|
|
|
+ rclcpp::spin(node);
|
|
|
|
+ rclcpp::shutdown();
|
|
|
|
+ return 0;
|
|
|
|
+}
|
|
|
|
+```
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+## 5.测试运行
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+### 5.1 编译
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+```shell
|
|
|
|
+colcon build --packages-up-to example_interfaces_rclcpp
|
|
|
|
+```
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+又遇到了个新的指令`--packages-up-to`,在colcon使用进阶篇小鱼有讲到,编译一个节点及其依赖,使用这个指令你会发现,以先后顺序编译了`example_ros2_interfaces`再编译`example_interfaces_rclcpp`。
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+### 5.2 测试
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+控制端
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+```shell
|
|
|
|
+source install/setup.bash
|
|
|
|
+ros2 run example_interfaces_rclcpp example_interfaces_control_01
|
|
|
|
+```
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+服务端
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+```shell
|
|
|
|
+source install/setup.bash
|
|
|
|
+ros2 run example_interfaces_rclcpp example_interfaces_robot_01
|
|
|
|
+```
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+服务端启动后机器人开始移动,时间为:`1654693733.053691559`
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+移动结束,`收到移动结果:4.990017`,时间为:`1654693763.501926752`
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+### 5.3 思考
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+虽然机器人可以移动了,客户端也可以收到机器人的位置了,但是聪明的你应该发现了,在机器人移动期间,控制端就收不到了来自机器人端的实时位置信息的话题发布了。
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+原因是服务端调用机器人移动的时候造成了主线程的阻塞和休眠,只有机器人完成移动后才会退出,造成了发布数据的定时器回调无法正常进行。
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+解决这个问题的方法有很多,比如开个单独给服务开个线程,比如换一种通信方式,带着问题和好奇心,我们继续学习,小鱼将带你解决掉它。
|