# '"educational equality" OR "educational fairness"': # - '"New York"': # - '"educational attainment years of schooling"' # - '"student-teacher ratio"' # - '"educational quality"' # - literacy # - '"enrollment rate" OR "educational access"' # - '"low-income family"' # - '"high-income family"' # - '"urban residents"' # - '"rural residents"' # - '"household registration system"' # - '"tuition fee" OR "school fees"' # - '"arbitrary fees"' # - '"education quality "' # - '"urban-rural education divide"' # - '"educational system"' # - '"public school"' # - '"private school"' # - '"budget allocation"' # - '"educational investment"' # - infrastructure # - administration # - '"examination ranking"' # - evaluation # - '"key schools"' # - '"average schools"' # - '"Hope Primary School"' # - '"educational resource"' # '"goal of education"': # - '"New York"': # - socialism # - communism # - nation # - development # - economy # - elite # - Confucianism # - technology # - gap # - student # - curriculum # - cultivate # - employment # - schooling # - '"degree" OR "diploma" OR "qualification" OR "credential"' # - collectivism # - individualism # economy: # - '"New York"': # - '"development gap"' # - '"affluent areas"' # - '"developed regions"' # - '"instruction materials"' # - '"school facilities"' # - '"length of schooling"' # - '"economic development"' # - '"quality of life"' # - '"education index (EI) "' # - '"human development index (HDI)"' # - urbanization # - '"employment opportunities"' # - '"higher wages"' # - '"rural migrants" OR "migrant laborers"' # - '"population density"' # - '"economic resources"' # '"educational reform"': # - '"New York"': # - '"educational policy"' # - '"expansion of access"' # - '"promotion of quality education"' # - '"quality improvement"' # - '"new education needs and trends"' # - '"five-year plan" OR "five-year guidelines"' # - '"school-age population"' # - '"scale expansion"' # - standards # - strategies # - '"evaluation" OR "assessment"' # - exam # '"Description of Chinese students"': # - '"New York"': # - creativity # - character # - imagination # - '"passive-learning" OR "rote-learning"' # - '"learning style"' # - '"examination-oriented study mode"' # - '"burden of students"' # - '"self-confidence"' # - exam-oriented # - competition # - '"academic performance"' # - self-development # - '"independent learning"' # - '"critical thinking"' # - '"study time"' # - '"cram school" OR "tutoring session"' # - homework # - '"ability" OR "strength"' # - weakness # - '"parents’ expectation"' # - pressure # - '"mental health"' # - '"peer relation"' # - hardworking # Teacher: # - '"New York"': # - number # - '"student-teacher ratio"' # - '"educational background"' # - age # - '"salary" OR "compensation"' # - '"city" OR "urban "' # - '"countryside" OR "rural"' # - mobility # - '"evaluation" OR "perception"' # - pressure # - transform # Curriculum: # - '"New York"': # - '"school-based curriculum"' # - STEM # - art # - '"humanity studies" OR "social studies"' # - culture # - tradition # - internationalization # - content # # - '"object/ goal"' # - '"design" OR "provision"' # - evaluate # - principle # - uniformity # - diversity # - flexibility # - structure # - ability # - '"basic knowledge"' Quality: - '"New York"': # - '"exam results"' # - '"enrolment rate"' # - '"evaluation indicator"' # - '"educational objectives"' # - '"evaluation system"' # - '"value orientation"' # - condition # - '"quality of teachers"' # - development # - curriculum - '"teachers'' development"' # - '"school management"' # Teaching: # - '"New York"': # - '"teacher centered"' # - '"students centered"' # - '"structure of teachers"' # - teachers # - '"key teachers "' # - '"class hour" OR "class period"' # - textbook # - '"teaching facilities"' # - '"teaching methods"' # - '"teaching site"' # - tutoring # - '"second classroom"' # - '"homework" OR "assignment"' # '"preschool education"': # - '"New York"': # - '"public school"' # - '"private school"' # - kindergartens # - safety # - '"student health"' # - '"education quality" OR "teaching quality"' # - '"school buildings" OR "school facilities"' # - '"disciplinary knowledge"' # - teacher # - '"cram school" OR "tutoring session"' # - homework # '"Compulsory education"': # - '"New York"': # - curriculum # - '"cram school" OR "tutoring session"' # - pedagogy # - teaching # - '"teaching study group"' # - '"elementary education"' # - '"secondary education"' # - '"teacher training"' # - '"teachers" OR "instructors"' # - '"area of residence"' # - '"public school"' # - '"private school"' # - Zhongkao # - learning # - textbook # - '"moral education"' # - '"neighbourhood attendance policy"' # - '"school district housing"' # - '"inclusive education"' # - '"educational equity"' # - '"school bullying"' # - '"teacher-student relationship"' # - '"education for all-around development"' # - '"exam-oriented education"' # - homework # '"Secondary education"': # - '"New York"': # - '"junior secondary school"' # - '"senior secondary school"' # - curriculum # - '"cram school" OR "tutoring session"' # - '"teacher training"' # - '"teachers" OR "instructors"' # - '"area of residence"' # - '"public school"' # - '"private school"' # - Zhongkao # - Teaching # - Learning # - '"teaching credentials"' # - '"digital teaching"' # - '"Gaokao" OR "National College Entrance Examination"' # - pressure # - burden # - '"mental health"' # '"Higher education"': # - '"New York"': # - university # - '"country’s competitiveness"' # - '"tertiary education"' # - innovation # - '"government expenditures"' # - '"211 project"' # - '"985 project"' # - '"Double First Class University Plan"' # - '"massification of higher education"' # - '"expand enrollment"' # - '"research standards"' # - talents # - '"admission rate" OR "enrollment rates"' # - '"Gaokao" OR "National College Entrance Examination"' # - tier # - '"cutoff gaokao scores" OR "fenshuxian"' # - '"university quotas"' # - '"international mobility"' # - '"bachelor’s degree"' # - '"master’s degree"' # - '"doctoral degree"' # - autonomy # - '"national development and modernisation"' # - '"education financing"' # - '"financial aid for students "' # - '"student loan"' # - '"university specific examinations"' # - '"independent selection"' # - '"Strong Base Plan"' # - internationalization # '"Vocational education"': # - '"New York"': # - '"technical training "' # - '"technical education"' # - '"technical training institutes"' # - '"education financing"' # - '"Gaokao eliminated" OR "Gaokao failure"' # - '"educational standard"' # '"Adult education"': # - '"New York"': # - '"community colleges"' # - '"distant learning "' # - '"lifelong learning"' # - '"open education"' # - '"citizenship education"'